Srinagar is the capital city of Jammu and Kashmir, one of India's northernmost states. The city is situated in the Kashmir Valley, at an altitude of 1,585 meters above sea level, and is known for its stunning natural beauty, serene lakes, and Mughal-era gardens. The history of Srinagar dates back to ancient times, and the city has been witness to various empires, rulers, and conflicts throughout its rich past.

The earliest recorded history of Srinagar can be traced back to the 3rd century BCE when it was a part of the Mauryan Empire. The city was then ruled by various empires, including the Kushan, Gupta, and Harsha empires. In the 14th century, Srinagar became the capital of the Kashmir Sultanate, which was founded by Shah Mir.

During the Mughal era, Srinagar underwent significant development, and many of its famous gardens, such as the Shalimar Bagh and Nishat Bagh, were built. The Mughals ruled the region until the 18th century when the Durrani Empire conquered Kashmir. Later, in the early 19th century, the Sikh Empire conquered Srinagar and the Kashmir Valley.

In 1846, following the Anglo-Sikh War, the British East India Company took control of the Kashmir Valley and ruled it as a princely state until 1947. After India's independence in 1947, the state of Jammu and Kashmir became a part of India, and Srinagar became its capital.

In the following years, Srinagar and the wider region of Jammu and Kashmir have been a site of ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan, both of whom claim sovereignty over the region. The region has witnessed several wars and insurgencies, including the Kargil War in 1999 and the ongoing conflict in the Kashmir Valley.

Despite the ongoing conflict, Srinagar remains a popular tourist destination and is known for its scenic beauty, rich history, and cultural heritage. The city is famous for its houseboats, which are floating hotels that offer a unique experience for visitors. Additionally, the city is renowned for its handicrafts, including carpets, shawls, and paper mache products, which are popular souvenirs for tourists visiting the region.